China was once the world’s biggest importer of plastic waste. But in January 2018, it enacted a new law that banned the import of 24 types of solid waste, including paper and plastic. Thailand followed suit by announcing it would ban all plastic waste imports by 2021.

Since then, the burden has been shifted to a wave of developing countries. With the World Bank estimating that annual waste generation could increase by 70% between 2016 and 2050, read on to find out which countries are facing a rising tide of rubbish – and how they’re fighting back.