In the early 20th century, Midwestern cities were booming. There were plenty of jobs in the burgeoning manufacturing industry, where everything from meat to motorcars was being produced at speeds never seen before. But in the century since, new technology and cheap labor have changed the face of manufacturing, luring factories to foreign shores. Although some of these plants have been preserved, others, once the jewels in the Midwestern crown, lie abandoned. Read on to see the haunting photos of America's famous Midwest factories that are no more. 

Detroit, aka Motor City, was once the epicenter of the American automotive industry. This was thanks in part to Henry Ford, who established his factories around Piquette Avenue. Built in 1904, the Ford Piquette Plant is the birthplace of the Model T, the world's first mass-produced car. It was also the first automotive factory to operate an assembly line, an innovation that changed manufacturing forever. Standing on 3.1 acres, the 402-by-56-foot building used 355 double-hung windows to admit natural light and ventilation to make life more comfortable for the thousands of people who worked there. The facility was also one of the first to feature a sprinkler system, something Ford himself insisted on after a fire destroyed one of his other factories in 1901. 

At its peak, the Piquette Plant was churning out over 100 cars a day. By 1910, this success meant that Ford had to move to a bigger plant, so he sold the site to Studebaker. Although Studebaker closed its doors in 1967, the plant remained a car manufacturer for most of the 20th century, even as it was shunted from owner to owner. It finally fell into disrepair in the 1980s, as car companies left Detroit in droves. 

Arguably, this building is one of the most important sites in the history of cars, American industry, and global manufacturing. But in 1998, it was at risk of demolition. The Henry Ford Heritage Association spent 10 years fighting to save the building from ruin, eventually managing to stabilize the foundations and preserve the site for the future.

Today, the Ford Piquette Plant is run by the Model-T Automotive Heritage Complex, Inc. The plant is open to the public as a museum and education center, and even available to hire for pop-up wedding ceremonies.

Illinois, particularly the region around Chicago, has a strong industrial heritage, especially in meat processing and packaging. By the start of the 20th century, the Chicago Union Stockyards employed 25,000 people and produced 82% of the domestic meat consumed nationally. Brothers Philip and Joseph Armour had their first meat-packing plant in the stockyard, before moving to set up a bigger operation in East St Louis. There, they built the Armour Meat packing plant in 1900.

Henry Ford is often credited with developing the assembly line, but Philip Armour was actually one of its earliest implementers. He designed assembly lines for slaughtering animals and built a 12,000-strong fleet of refrigerated rail cars. This enabled him to transport meat without it spoiling on the journey. He also tried to use every part of the animals he killed, selling by-products for glue, cosmetics, and fertiliser. In its heyday, the Armour meat packing plant employed 4,500 people.

Although Armour died in 1901, the plant continued to thrive. Before World War II, the Armour meat packing plant was one of the largest in the US. People even came to visit the plant as a tourist attraction, drawn by its macabre production line and 210-feet smokestacks. But as refrigeration changes the meat packing industry in the 1950s, the Armour plant was eventually forced out of business. It shut its doors in 1959 and, after lying abandoned for around fifty years, was eventually demolished in 2016. 

The Fishers were one of the founding families of the American car industry. They built horse-drawn carriages from the mid-1800s and invested heavily in auto manufacturing from as early as 1900. In 1908, they moved from Norwalk, Ohio to Detroit to launch the Fisher Body Company, a firm that quickly became the world's largest manufacturer of auto bodies. The company had eight sites around Piquette Avenue in downtown Detroit, the biggest of which was Fisher Body Plant 21 (pictured). In 1919, the company was sold to General Motors but retained its name and its sites. At one point, the business employed over 100,000 people around the world. 

By 1916, the Fisher Body Corporation had a capacity of 370,000 car bodies per year. Its customers included Abbot, Buick, Cadillac, Chalmers, Chandler, Chevrolet, Ford, Herreshoff, Hudson, Oldsmobile, Packard and Studebaker. But when fully integrated chassis were invented, many car companies began to produce the parts they needed in-house. This removed the need for third-party companies such as Fisher Body. In the 1950s, the plant was repurposed by Cadillac and changed hands several times over the next 30 years. It has been out of use since 1993 and the city of Detroit officially took ownership of the building in 2000. It quickly became a popular spot with urban photographers who have documented the plant's decline. 

After Detroit declared bankruptcy in 2013, it started working on plans to regenerate its downtown area and bring some much-needed growth to the city. The authorities spent years looking for developers to renovate Fisher Body Plant 21, after launching a $1 million project to start ridding the building of asbestos and other dangerous materials, and proposals have ranged from nightclubs and condos to museums and 'modular facilities'. Work is now underway to turn the building into Fisher Lofts, a mixed residential and commercial space that's expected to open in 2027.

Built as the Midland meat packing plant in Sioux City, Iowa in 1919, the KD Station was originally meant to rival the prominence of the Chicago stockyards. The meat packing plant never really took off and was closed just one year later, sitting unused until 1924. It was eventually bought by Swift and Co, the biggest meat packer in the world, but after a series of workers' strikes and floods the beleaguered plant closed its doors in 1974.

It reopened as the KD Station, a shopping mall and entertainment venue. The building was considered of such importance that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places but, in 2004, the KD Station caught fire and was irreparably damaged. In 2010, more than 90 years after it was built, the factory was finally torn down.

The Hudson Car Company was founded in 1908 and quickly became one of Detroit's big players. The company's aim was to produce affordable vehicles, and it sold over 4,000 units of its Model 20 in the first year of manufacturing. By 1925, Hudson was the third-largest carmaker in America behind Ford and Chevrolet.

Before World War II, Hudson employed over 17,000 people across its plants. But by the mid-1950s, its once cutting-edge manufacturing was becoming outdated. Demand grew for sleeker cars that were much easier to assemble. Automobile company Chrysler took over some of the Hudson plants, while others were destroyed. The factory at 6501 Mack Avenue, pictured, is one of the few plants that still stands disused today.

Detroit might be described as Motor City, but Muncie, Indiana once boasted almost as many car plants. A thriving industrial destination in the early 20th century, Muncie was home to iron and steel mills and was also the capital of the Ball Brothers' glass empire. Many companies invested in the town, but one of the most prominent was Chevrolet. The Chevrolet-Muncie plant was among the largest manufacturing sites in the area, employing thousands of people at its peak.

In 1935, the plant began manufacturing transmissions for cars and trucks. It built a number of new facilities throughout the 50s and 60s to accommodate its growing product line, but this winning streak wasn't to last. The company later faced a series of recessions and workers' strikes, forcing it to close facilities across the country. The Chevrolet-Muncie plant was among them. The factory closed in 2006, after a number of unsuccessful partnerships. According to the Indiana Business Journal, Indiana has lost more than 20,000 car manufacturing jobs since 1999. 

The Packard Automotive Plant was once of the largest plants in Detroit, making luxury cars for the Packard Motor Car Company and later the Studebaker-Packard Corporation. The 4 million-square-foot plant is located on 40 acres of land, once a cow pasture, on the city's east side. It was a major development when it was built and the Packard Plant, which included the first use of reinforced concrete in the United States, employed skilled workers in more than 80 trades. But as the automobile bubble burst in the late 1950s, Packard's business model couldn't keep up and the company went bust in 1956. Two years later, the last plant caretaker left the building. 

Over the next 40 years, the plant changed hands several times. By 1998, the city of Detroit had taken ownership of the building and initially planned to demolish it. This never happened; the last tenant didn't leave the building until 2010 and, ever since, the factory has stood derelict. It's the largest abandoned factory in the world, visited only by graffiti artists and scrappers on the hunt for metal.

The site has gone through several owners over the past year but no progress was made in bringing it back to life. Though the city reportedly planned to save some parts of the building to preserve its legacy, all structural components of the plant were demolished by December 2024. 

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